Prevalence of tobacco use among cancer patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of tobacco use among various cancer types in Iran remains a significant concern, necessitating a comprehensive analysis to understand the extent and patterns of consumption. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze existing literature to delineate the prevalence of tobacco use across different cancer types in Iran, thereby providing a robust basis for future interventions and policy formulations. METHODS: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature available in PubMed and Scopus databases. The initial search identified 351 records, out of which 44 studies were selected based on their relevance and design. These studies spanned various time frames, starting from the 2001s up until 2022, and encompassed diverse geographical locations and cancer types in Iran. To avoid bias and potential data overlap, we opted to incorporate a single comprehensive study from the Golestan Cohort, encompassing all data, while excluding 10 other studies. Our final analysis incorporated data from 34 studies, which accounted for 15,425 patients and 5,890 reported smokers. Statistical analyses were performed to calculate the overall proportion of tobacco consumption and to conduct subgroup analyses based on different variables such as cancer types, gender, geographical locations, and types of tobacco used. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a substantial prevalence of tobacco use among cancer patients in Iran, with an overall consumption rate of 43%. This rate varied significantly, ranging from 10 to 88% across individual studies. Subgroup analyses further highlighted disparities in tobacco consumption rates across different demographics, geographic areas, and cancer types. Notably, the 'ever' smokers category exhibited the highest prevalence of tobacco use. The study also identified a worrying trend of high cigarette smoking rates, along with variable consumption patterns of other forms of tobacco, including waterpipe, 'Naas', and 'Pipe'. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis underscores a significant association between tobacco consumption and various cancer types in Iran, with a prevalence rate among cancer patients being three times higher than the average Iranian population. The findings indicate substantial heterogeneity in tobacco use patterns, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address this pressing health issue. The study serves as a critical resource for shaping future policies and strategies aimed at curbing tobacco use and mitigating its adverse effects on cancer prevalence in Iran.

Tobacco use and its associated factors among middle and old-aged women in India using LASI wave-1 data.

BACKGROUND: Despite a global decline in tobacco use reported by the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), India stands out for its high number of tobacco users. While research in India often focuses on tobacco use among young adults, there's a notable lack of studies addressing tobacco use among middle and old-aged women. However, the national prevalence of tobacco use among middle and old-aged (45 years and above) women in India is 18.2%. Thus, this study seeks to identify the factors influencing tobacco consumption among middle and old-aged women in the country. METHODS: The study has utilized secondary data from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted in 2017-18. This study exclusively included a total of 38,180 middle and old-aged women who reported tobacco use. The analysis encompassed the utilization of Chi-square tests and Binary logistic regression to pinpoint the risk factors linked to tobacco use among middle and old-aged women. RESULTS: Our study reveals a heightened likelihood of tobacco use among middle and old-aged women residing in the northeastern region of India. The study underscores the imperative to direct targeted efforts toward middle and old-aged women who fall into specific categories, including those who are widowed, separated, or unmarried, individuals who consume alcohol, those with lower socioeconomic and educational standings, residents of rural areas, those living in solitude, individuals experiencing depressive symptoms, and those who self-report poor health. CONCLUSION: Given the heightened susceptibility of these demographic groups to tobacco use, it is crucial to prioritize tobacco prevention and cessation initiatives specifically tailored to their needs and circumstances.

Determinants of Quit Attempts and Short-Term Abstinence among Smokeless Tobacco Users in India: Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2016-17.

OBJECTIVE: Smokeless tobacco is the preponderant form of tobacco in India. The cessation indicators are weaker for smokeless tobacco users than smokers. There is a dearth of literature on the effectiveness of the interventions that motivate and assist smokeless tobacco users in quitting in program settings. METHODS: Data from Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS), 2016-17, was analysed. Quit attempts in the previous 12 months among SLT users and duration of abstinence were the two outcome variables. The chief exposure variables were the receipts of various interventions that warned about the dangers of smokeless tobacco or encouraged quitting. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify determinants of quit attempts. For the hazard of relapse to tobacco use, survival analysis was used. RESULTS: The odds of quit attempts among SLT users in the previous 12 months were more among those who received advice from healthcare providers (OR 2.09; 1.87-2.34), noticed messages from media that made them think about quitting (OR 1.67; 1.50-1.86) and noticed a warning label that made them think about quitting (OR 1.39; 1.25-1.55). Those who used counselling (HR 0.81; 0.70-0.93) or medication (HR 0.79; 0.66-0.95) sustained abstinence from smokeless tobacco for a longer duration compared to those who did not use any cessation method. CONCLUSION: Quit advice by healthcare providers is an influential determinant of a quit attempt, and this intervention needs to be scaled up. The media messages and warning labels were effective among those who considered quitting after noticing them. Cessation methods can help prolong the abstinence from smokeless tobacco, but the reach of cessation methods is limited.

The prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of tobacco and nicotine use among students in healthcare disciplines in Saudi Arabian universities: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the most significant health-related problems worldwide. However, the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of tobacco and nicotine use among students on healthcare courses in Saudi Arabia are limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire that was distributed via SurveyMonkey between November 2022 and June 2023 to all student universities offering healthcare courses. Data are presented as frequency and percentages. The associated sociodemographic factors with current tobacco and nicotine use were subjected to logistic regression. Results: Overall, 5,012, of whom 3,872 (77.25%) were males, responded to the online survey. The prevalence of current tobacco and nicotine use was 3,553 (71%). The majority of users used electronic nicotine delivery systems (1,622: 32.36%). The current use of cigarettes (AOR: 1.75 (1.42 to 2.15)), e-cigarettes (AOR: 1.17 (1.01 to 1.37)), and smokeless tobacco substances (AOR: 1.35 (1.02 to 1.90)) were more pronounced among males compared to female students. However, the current use of a hookah was less among males (AOR: 0.74 (95% CI: 61 to 0.91)). Smoking cigarettes was practiced less among students living in other regions compared to the Central Region. However, smokeless tobacco substances seem to be more prevalent in the Western, Southern, and Northern Regions, (AOR: 1.57 (95% CI: 1.09 to 2.26)), (AOR: 1.43 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.95)), and (AOR: 1.57 (95% CI: 1.09 to 2.26)), respectively. Conclusion: Smoking is prevalent among students in the healthcare disciplines, with electronic nicotine delivery systems being the most used product. Several sociodemographic factors were associated with higher tobacco or nicotine use.

Use of tobacco and other illicit drugs among adolescent boys and young men in Kampala, Uganda: A result of low parental attention?

INTRODUCTION: Although the use of illicit drugs is common among young people, limited data exists on the use of illicit drugs among adolescent boys and young men (ABYM). We assessed the use of tobacco, marijuana and khat among ABYM to inform the design of harm-reduction interventions. METHODS: This secondary analysis uses data from a formative study conducted among 2,500 ABYM across the five divisions of Kampala between July and August 2020. Survey questions were adopted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey and Global School-based Student Health Survey. We computed proportions of ABYM that had ever used any form of tobacco or marijuana or khat in the past year and the proportion that had used any of these products in the past 30 days (i.e. 'current users'). In a sub-group analysis, we assessed if any patterns existed between ABYM's use of illicit drugs and selected parental attention attributes. RESULTS: Of 2,500 ABYM, 47.3% (n = 1,182) were aged 15-19 years. Overall, 16.4% (n = 410) reported past-year use of tobacco products while 11.6% (n = 289) and 10.5% (n = 263) reported past-year use of marijuana and khat, respectively. Current use of any illicit drugs was higher among past-year khat (46%, n = 133) and marijuana users (36.9%, n = 97) than past-year tobacco users (4%, n = 17). Current use of any illicit drugs was higher among out-of-school than in-school ABYM and increased with increasing age and education levels. However, parental attention was lower among out-of-school than in-school ABYM and decreased with increasing age and education levels. CONCLUSION: Use of illicit drugs is common among ABYM and increased with age and education levels but parental attention among current illicit drug users decreased with increasing age and education levels. These findings suggest that interventions intended to improve parental attention among illicit drug users may help to reduce the prevalence of illicit drug use among ABYM.

First experience with nicotine products and transition to regular tobacco use: a secondary data analysis in 28 European countries.

OBJECTIVE: The majority of tobacco users have had their first contact with nicotine at a young age. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the first tobacco or nicotine product tried and the transition to regular product use in 28 European countries. METHODS: A secondary analysis of participants aged 15-40 years (n=8884) from 28 countries was conducted (Eurobarometer wave 93.2; August-September 2020). Participants who reported having ever tried tobacco or nicotine products were asked which product they tried first. Self-reported history of tobacco use determined whether they were established users (≥1 time weekly) of a range of products at any point in their life. Multilevel logistic regression was used to measure the association between first product tried and becoming a regular user of tobacco or nicotine products. RESULTS: There was large variation between countries in the proportion of participants aged ≤40 years that ever tried tobacco or nicotine; Estonia had the highest proportion of ever users (85.8%) and Poland had the lowest (38.9%). Among those who had ever tried tobacco or nicotine, boxed cigarettes were the most common first product (72.3%) and pipe was the least common (0.4%). Compared with those who first tried e-cigarettes, the odds of ever becoming a regular user of any tobacco or nicotine product were higher among those who first had hand-rolled cigarettes (adjusted OR, aOR 2.23; 95% CI 1.43 to 3.48) or boxed cigarettes (aOR 2.08; 95% CI1.43 to 3.02) and lower among those who first tried waterpipe (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Although this study cannot infer causality, the findings show that odds of becoming a regular tobacco user differs widely depending on the first product used. Better understanding of the associations between first product use and regular tobacco use could be informative to tobacco control policy-makers and help tailor prevention programmes.

Tobacco use among in-school young adolescents in Indonesia: Exploring availability, affordability, and accessibility.

The research on Indonesian adolescents' perception of tobacco control in schools is limited. This study aimed to explore the availability, affordability, and accessibility of tobacco among young adolescents in Yogyakarta Municipality, Indonesia, with a focus on advocating for school teenagers. Focus groups, comprising participants from diverse backgrounds and stakeholders, were conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, to systematically collect varied data. The subsequent analysis employed a robust thematic approach, combining both inductive and deductive processes to ensure a nuanced exploration of emerging patterns and pre-existing frameworks. In addition to focus group data, the study incorporated insights from extensive field observations and research group discussions. The multifaceted approach enhanced the depth of analysis but also facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics. The findings of this study revealed that young adolescents found it extremely easy to purchase cigarettes from local markets. The smoking prevalence among young adolescents was relatively low, with only 10% of the respondents admitting to smoking. Although the Indonesian government has increased surveillance and regulations regarding smoking among young individuals, the actual implementation and effectiveness of these measures remain questionable. The existing anti-smoking approaches in Indonesia have been unsuccessful in curbing smoking among Indonesian school students. The study argues that it is crucial to recognize and value students' perceptions of smoking, as their knowledge of smoking is actively constructed. To address this issue, future anti-smoking education in schools should incorporate interactive sessions rather than solely relying on didactic approaches that highlight the harms of smoking. By engaging students in interactive discussions, they can actively participate in constructing their understanding of the consequences of smoking. Additionally, efforts should be made to enhance the implementation of tobacco control measures within schools and extend the reach of these measures to off-campus environments.

Social media use, brand engagement, and tobacco product initiation among youth: Evidence from a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether frequent social media use and liking/following tobacco brand accounts was associated with increased risk of tobacco and polytobacco initiation over approximately 1-year follow-up among youth with no prior tobacco use. METHODS: Associations between measures of social media engagement (daily social media use and liking/following tobacco brands) and tobacco initiation risk were examined using data from Waves 2 and 3 (2014-2015) of the US Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health study. Separate log-binomial models, accounting for missing data via multiple imputation and using propensity score adjustment to address confounding, estimated the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of any tobacco initiation and poly-use (2 + products) initiation at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 8,672 youth with no prior tobacco use (49.3% female, mean [SD] age 14.1 [1.7]), 63.5% used social media at least daily, and 3.3% reported liking/following ≥ 1 tobacco brands on social media. Those reporting daily or more frequent social media use (compared to less) were at increased risk for tobacco (aRR 1.67; 95% CI 1.38-2.02) and polytobacco initiation (aRR 1.32; 95% CI 0.98-1.78). Although results were imprecise, liking/following ≥ 1 tobacco brands on social media (versus none) was associated with tobacco (aRR 1.34; 95% CI 0.95-1.89) or polytobacco initiation (aRR 1.60; 95% CI 0.99-2.60). In sensitivity analyses, liking/following cigarette or cigarillo brands was associated with polytobacco initiation. CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to a growing evidence-base describing the exposure of youth to tobacco-related social media content. Such content-often generated by tobacco companies-may contribute to youth tobacco initiation.

A drink equals how many cigarettes? Equating mortality risks from alcohol and tobacco use in Canada.

Objective: To quantify and communicate risk equivalencies for alcohol-and tobacco-attributable mortality by comparing per standard drinks consumed to per number of cigarettes smoked in Canada. Methods: Alcohol-and tobacco-attributable premature deaths (≤75 years of age) and years of life lost (YLL) were estimated using a lifetime risk modeling approach. Alcohol-attributable death statistics were obtained from the 2023 Canadian Guidance on Alcohol and Health data source. Tobacco-attributable death statistics were derived from the Mortality Population Risk Tool (MPoRT) model. Results: The risk of alcohol use on premature death and YLL increased non-linearly with the number of drinks consumed, while the risk for tobacco use on these two measures increased linearly with the number of cigarettes smoked. Males who consumed 5 drinks/day-a standard drink contains 13.45 grams of alcohol in Canada-had an equivalent risk as smoking 4.9 cigarettes/day (when modeling for premature death) and 5.1 cigarettes/day (when modeling for YLL). Females who consumed 5 drinks/day experienced an equivalent risk as smoking 4.2 cigarettes/day for premature deaths and YLL. At all levels of alcohol consumption females and males who consumed <5 drinks/day have less risks from consuming a standard drink than from smoking a cigarette. For males who consumed 5 drinks/day, the increased risks of death from per drink consumed and per cigarette smoked were equal. Conclusion: Risk equivalencies comparing alcohol use to tobacco use could help people who drink improve their knowledge and understanding of the mortality risks associated with increased number of drinks consumed per day.

Tobacco use, self-reported professional dental cleaning habits, and lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis are associated with bronchial and lung microbiome alpha diversity.

RATIONALE: The lung microbiome is an inflammatory stimulus whose role in the development of lung malignancies is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the lung microbiome associates with multiple clinical factors, including the presence of a lung malignancy. OBJECTIVES: To assess associations between the upper and lower airway microbiome and multiple clinical factors including lung malignancy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of upper and lower airway microbiome samples from 44 subjects undergoing lung lobectomy for suspected or confirmed lung cancer. Subjects provided oral (2), induced sputum, nasopharyngeal, bronchial, and lung tissue (3) samples. Pathologic diagnosis, age, tobacco use, dental care history, lung function, and inhaled corticosteroid use were associated with upper and lower airway microbiome findings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Older age was associated with greater Simpson diversity in the oral and nasopharyngeal sites (p = 0.022 and p = 0.019, respectively). Current tobacco use was associated with greater lung and bronchus Simpson diversity (p < 0.0001). Self-reported last profession dental cleaning more than 6 months prior (vs. 6 or fewer months prior) was associated with lower lung and bronchus Simpson diversity (p < 0.0001). Diagnosis of a lung adenocarcinoma (vs. other pathologic findings) was associated with lower bronchus and lung Simpson diversity (p = 0.024). Last professional dental cleaning, dichotomized as ≤ 6 months vs. >6 months prior, was associated with clustering among lung samples (p = 0.027, R2 = 0.016). Current tobacco use was associated with greater abundance of pulmonary pathogens Mycoplasmoides and Haemophilus in lower airway samples. Self-reported professional dental cleaning ≤ 6 months prior (vs. >6 months prior) was associated with greater bronchial Actinomyces and lung Streptococcus abundance. Lung adenocarcinoma (vs. no lung adenocarcinoma) was associated with lower Lawsonella abundance in lung samples. Inhaled corticosteroid use was associated with greater abundance of Haemophilus among oral samples and greater Staphylococcus among lung samples. CONCLUSIONS: Current tobacco use, recent dental cleaning, and a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are associated with lung and bronchial microbiome α-diversity, composition (ß-diversity), and the abundance of several respiratory pathogens. These findings suggest that modifiable habits (tobacco use and dental care) may influence the lower airway microbiome. Larger controlled studies to investigate these potential associations are warranted.

Prevalence and reasons for use of heated tobacco products among Malaysian adults who smoked: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Malaysia Survey.

INTRODUCTION: There have been rapid expansions in heated tobacco products (HTPs) outside of Japan and the Republic of Korea. In November 2018, HTPs were first introduced in Malaysia and since then, no studies have been conducted on Malaysians' use of HTPs. This study is the first to examine the prevalence of HTP use and reasons for use among Malaysian adults who smoked cigarettes. METHODS: Data came from the 2020 ITC Malaysia Survey, a web-based survey of a nationally representative sample of adults who smoked (n=1047) aged 18 and older. They were asked on ever heard of, ever used, and currently using HTPs, and their reasons for using HTPs. RESULTS: Overall, 25.4% (n= 324; 95% CI:22.3%-28.7%) of Malaysians who smoked reported ever used HTPs with 6.7% (n=85; 95% CI:22.3%-28.7%) were using them daily and 8.1% (n=110; 95% CI:6.4% -10.2%) were using HTPs non-daily. Most of them (57.2%) who dual use were of aged 25-39 and 97.3% were males. Among those who smoked daily, almost half (49.3%) were also using HTP daily. Among those who used HTPs daily and non-daily, curiosity (84.2%, 95% CI:78.4%-90.0%), taste (83.2%, 95% CI:77.3%-89.1%), and appealing technology (78.5%, 95% CI:71.3%-85.6%) were the most reported reasons. Among those who used HTPs daily, curiosity was the top reason (87.9%, 95% CI:78.9%-93.4%), while among non-daily, taste good was the top reason (81.9%, 95% CI:71.9%-88.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The very high use of HTPs among Malaysians who smoked requires continued public health surveillance that can inform the regulation of these novel tobacco products.

Time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence among youth who use e-cigarettes and cigarettes in the United States: A nationally representative cohort study, findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, 2013-2019.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence among youth exclusive e-cigarette users and compare this time to that for exclusive cigarette users. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data (Waves 1-5; 2013-2019) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health was conducted. Youth never tobacco users in the United States who reported exclusive past-30-day (P30D) e-cigarette or cigarette use (n = 2940, N = 5,391,642) in at least one wave were included in the current analysis. Survival analysis was used to estimate the time to the first report of three nicotine dependence indicators (i.e., "use within 30 minutes of waking"; "cravings" and "really needing to use") following the first report of P30D use. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the time to first report of "use within 30 minutes of waking" (aHR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.87-1.40) and "cravings" (aHR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.81-1.47) between exclusive P30D e-cigarette use and exclusive P30D cigarette use. However, compared to exclusive P30D e-cigarette use, the hazard of first reporting "really needing to use" tobacco was 39% (aHR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.84) times higher for those who reported exclusive P30D cigarette use after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION: Compared to exclusive P30D cigarette use, no differences in the time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence ("use within 30 minutes" and "cravings") were observed among exclusive P30D e-cigarette users. Policymakers and regulatory agencies should consider this evidence when assessing the abuse liability of e-cigarette products.

Association between electronic nicotine product use and subsequent first episode psychosis.

Tobacco use has been established as a possible risk factor for psychosis, but the effect of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ex. nicotine vapes) has not been independently established. Using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, we found that use of electronic nicotine products was significantly associated with later first episode psychosis after controlling for substance use and other confounders, and that this relationship was only significant among the heaviest users (>20 puffs/day). Given the rapid rise in electronic nicotine products use, clinicians and public health professionals should consider potential impacts and closely monitor trends in the coming years.

Investigation of the prevalence and factors influencing tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents in Nigeria: A systematic literature review.

The increase in tobacco and alcohol prevalence among Nigerian teenagers necessitates the need to understand the factors influencing use. The aim of this systematic literature review was to synthesis evidence from studies on tobacco and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents and young adults in order to determine factors influencing tobacco and alcohol use. Six databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to search for peer-reviewed articles reporting the prevalence and predictors of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents/youths published between 2010 and 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guided this review. From our search, twelve articles from the 6 geopolitical zones within Nigeria were included. The high prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents necessitates the need to understand the factors influencing use. A high prevalence rate was recorded among the male gender. Gender, age, and curiosity appear to place adolescents at extra risk for tobacco and alcohol use. Lack of parental monitoring, peer influence, low socio-economic status, low education level, stressful life events, advertisements, availability, and accessibility are factors identified to influence adolescents' alcohol and tobacco use. Alcohol and tobacco use remains a major public health issue as it continues to contribute largely to the growing occurence of diseases globally. Our review showed that adolescents' alcohol and tobacco use behaviour is triggered by various factors on the personal, interpersonal, organisational, community, and policy levels, and these factors are understood to predict or protect against alcohol and tobacco use.

Tobacco use and oral health related quality of life among Indian adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to assess tobacco use and its effect on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Indian adolescents. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 1,600 13-14 year old adolescents from the schools of Modinagar, western Uttar Pradesh, India selected using stratified random sampling technique. OHRQoL was assessed using Hindi version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ). Information regarding demographic, socioeconomic and oral health measures was also collected from the study participants. Tobacco use was assessed through questions derived from Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire. Influence of predictor variables on tobacco use was evaluated using multilevel Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The tobacco use among the study population was 8.1 % and CPQ scores were 9.15±0.32. Adolescents who used tobacco had worse OHRQoL scores. Low socioeconomic status, presence of dental caries, absence of regular dental visits (last 6 months) were associated with increased regular consumption of tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study play an important role in planning public health strategies to improve adolescent OHRQoL and reduce tobacco use.

Estilos de vida de estudiantes universitarios: retorno de la virtualidad a la presencialidad / Lifestyles of university students: return from virtuality to presentiality

Introducción: El estilo de vida es un conjunto integral de comportamientos que tiene cada individuo en su diario vivir,constituyendo factores condicionantes de salud individual y colectiva. Objetivo: Caracterizar los estilos de vida que presentan los estudiantes universitarios al retorno de la virtualidad a la presencialidad. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional. El estilo de vida de los estudiantes universitarios se determinó mediante la aplicación del cuestionario validado FANTASTICO, consta de 25 preguntas, que indagan 9componentes o dimensiones tanto físicas, psicológicas y sociales. La información se recogió mediante el uso de un cuestionario online estructurado y creado en google forms.Resultados: La muestra de investigación estuvo constituida por 3110 varones y 2048 mujeres que representaron el60,3% y 39,7% respectivamente. Se evidenció que el mayor porcentaje de investigados lleva a veces una alimentación balanceada (55.9%). Con respecto a la actividad física, manifestaron que casi siempre caminan, suben escaleras y/o hacen trabajo doméstico (52,6%), sin embargo, expresaron realizar ejercicio menos de una vez por semana (50,5%). En referencia a los hábitos tóxicos, refirieron que algunas vece si ngieren alcohol (96,3%) y no han consumido tabaco en los últimos 5 años (78,2%). Conclusiones: El estilo de vida de los estudiantes universitarios al retorno de la virtualidad a la presencialidad fluctúa entre regular y bueno, por lo que se recomienda fomentar en el ámbito educativo hábitos saludables, como la promoción de una dieta saludable, incremento de la actividad física y disminución del consumo de tabaco y alcohol.(AU)

Introduction: Lifestyle is a comprehensive set of behaviorsthat each individual has in their daily lives, constitutingconditioning factors of individual and collective healthObjective:Characterize the lifestyles that university students present upon returning from virtuality to in-personpresence. Materials and methods:Cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study. The lifestyle of the university studentswas determined by applying the validated FANTASTICquestionnaire, which consists of 25 questions that investigate9 physical, psychological and social components ordimensions. The information was collected through the use ofa structured online questionnaire created in Google Forms. Results: The research sample consisted of 3,110 men and2,048 women, representing 60.3% and 39.7% respectively. Itwas evident that the highest percentage of those investigatedsometimes eat a balanced diet (55.9%). Regarding physicalactivity, they stated that they almost always walk, climb stairsand/or do housework (52.6%), however, they expressedexercising less than once a week (50.5%). In reference to toxichabits, they reported that they consume alcohol occasionally(96.3%) and have not used tobacco in the last 5 years (78.2%). Conclusions: The lifestyle of university students uponreturning from virtuality to face-to-face fluctuates between average and good, which is why it is recommended topromote healthy habits in the educational field, such aspromoting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity anddecreasing of tobacco and alcohol consumption.(AU)

Resiliencia y consumo de alcohol o tabaco en adolescentes de la zona este de Tijuana / Resilience and use of alcohol or tobacco among adolescents from the eastern area of Tijuana

Objetivo: describir las características de la resiliencia y su asociación con el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes residentes en la zona este de Tijuana, frontera norte de México. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal cuya población fueron 7.611 adolescentes de 11 a 16 años escolarizados de la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California. Se estimó una muestra de 663 participantes seleccionados mediante muestreo por conglomerados. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, de historia de consumo de tabaco y alcohol y la resiliencia (ER-14) (mín. 14 a máx. 98 p; muy baja, baja, normal, alta o muy alta). Se realizó estadística descriptiva, bivariante y modelos de regresión logística ajustados por sexo para la variable “consumo de alcohol o tabaco”. Resultados: participaron 710 adolescentes (50,7% mujeres). El 46% había consumido alcohol o tabaco en algún momento de su vida y el 27,1% en el último año (mujeres 31,5%; hombres 23,3%; p= 0,005). El 29% mostró alta resiliencia y el 25,5% muy alta resiliencia. Se obtuvo con más frecuencia alta puntuación en las afirmaciones: soy alguien en quien se puede confiar en emergencias (42,5%), siento orgullo de mis logros (41,3%), la vida tiene sentido (33,1%). Se encontró un efecto negativo de la resiliencia sobre el consumo de alcohol o tabaco alguna vez en la vida (ORa= 0,984; IC95% [0,978-0,990]) y en el último año (ORa= 0,987; IC95% [0,981-0,994]). Conclusión: a mayor resiliencia menor fue la probabilidad de consumo de alcohol o tabaco alguna vez en la vida y en el último año. Intervenciones futuras deben considerar estos resultados.(AU)

Objective: to describe the characteristics of resilience and its association with the use of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents living in Eastern Tijuana, in the Northern border of Mexico. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study on a population of 7,611 adolescents from 11 to 16 years old, attending school in the city of Tijuana, Baja California. The sample was estimated in 633 participants, selected through cluster sampling. Sociodemographic variables were collected, their history of use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as resilience (RS-14) (minimum 14 to maximum 98 scores; very low, low, normal, high or very high). Descriptive bivariate statistics were used, as well as logistical regression models adjusted by gender for the “use of alcohol of tobacco” variable. Results: the study included 710 adolescents (50.7% were female); 46% of them had used alcohol or tobacco at some point in their lives, and 27.1% during the past year (31.5% female; 23.3% male; p= 0.005); 29% showed high resilience and 25.5% showed very high resilience. The most frequently obtained high scores were for the statements: I am someone who can be trusted in emergencies (42.5%), I feel proud of my achievements (41.3%), and Life makes sense (33.1%). A negative effect of resilience was found on alcohol and tobacco use at some point in life (ORa= 0.984; CI95% [0.978-0.990]) and during the past year (ORa= 0.987; CI95% [0.981-0.994]). Conclusion: the higher the resilience, the lower the likelihood of using alcohol or tobacco at some point in life and during the last year. Future interventions should consider these results.(AU)